The Role of the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) in Addressing Heatwaves in India (2022–2023)

Abstract

India is the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world, following China and the United States. The increase in GHG emissions has led India to face various climate-related challenges, one of which is extreme heatwaves. To address this issue, the Indian government has collaborated with the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). This study applies John McCormick’s theory on the role of environmental NGOs. According to McCormick, environmental NGOs utilize nine strategies: collaborating with government officials, fundraising, organizing public protests, promoting media coverage of environmental issues, engaging in litigation and regulatory monitoring, facilitating information exchange, conducting research, managing property, and involving local communities in environmental protection. The research relies on data collected from literature sources including books, journal articles, reports, and other publications, which are analyzed using a document analysis method. In supporting India in tackling heatwaves, NRDC has played a role in the development of the country's Heat Action Plan (HAP) in collaboration with the Indian government. NRDC has also supported the India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP) by working with the Indian organization The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) on the implementation of cool roofs. In addition, NRDC has worked with another local Indian organization, the Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), to develop the Hariyali Green Villages program.